Control Flow

if Statement

if condition {
    // code if condition is true
} else if anotherCondition {
    // code if anotherCondition is true
} else {
    // code if no condition is true
}

• No parentheses () around the condition (unlike C/Java).
• The braces {} are mandatory even for single-line statements.
• You can have an optional initialization statement before the condition.

for Loop

Go has only one loop keyword: for.

Classic for-loop

for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
    fmt.Println(i)
}

While-like loop

i := 0
for i < 5 {
    fmt.Println(i)
    i++
}

Infinite loop

for {
    fmt.Println("Forever...")
    break // must break manually
}

Range loop

nums := []int{10, 20, 30}
for index, value := range nums {
    fmt.Println(index, value)
}

switch Statement

switch variable {
case value1:
    // code
case value2:
    // code
default:
    // code
}

Key Features in Go’s switch:

1. No break needed — it automatically stops after a match.
2. Multiple values per case:

   switch day {
   case 1, 2, 3:
       fmt.Println("Early week")
   }

3. Switch without an expression (acts like if-else chain):

   num := 10
   switch {
   case num < 0:
       fmt.Println("Negative")
   case num == 0:
       fmt.Println("Zero")
   default:
       fmt.Println("Positive")
   }